The effect of genetic polymorphism of genes encoding the target of action on the variability of the response to antihypertensive therapy

Arterial hypertension is one of the main modifiable factors of cardiovascular events, which affects an increasing number of people around the world. In addition to the low adherence of patients to treatment, the wrong choice of medications, the presence of concomitant diseases and an unhealthy lifestyle, the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy may be associated with genetic polymorphism. Genetic polymorphisms can influence through genes involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, which are able to modify the effects of drugs; modifications in the mechanisms of interaction of drugs with genes; polymorphisms in metabolic enzymes; genes associated with drug carriers, and genes involved in complex cascades and metabolic reactions. The article reviews the results of studies of the relationship of polymorphic alleles of genes responsible for the pharmacodynamic response to therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers as the main drugs for the treatment of hypertension according to clinical guidelines for the treatment of hypertension in adults.

Key words

arterial hypertension, I/D polymorphism, angiotensin converting enzyme gene, M235T polymorphism, G6a polymorphism, angiotensinogen gene, A1166C polymorphism, angiotensin II receptor type 1 gene, C-344T polymorphism, aldosterone synthetase gene.